Sex Counselor & Therapist – Career, Salary & State Licensure

“Unfortunately, we live in a society that discourages talking about sex. We lack robust, inclusive, comprehensive sex education for our kids and teens, and this translates into difficulty communicating about sex or understanding one’s sexual self into adulthood.”

Kristin Mark, PhD, Professor, Eli Coleman Institute for Sexual and Gender Health, University of Minnesota Medical School

The experience of sex and sexuality touches every human alive. Although sexual health, sexual identity, and sexual pleasure can be a monumentally joyful, connective, fun, and exciting aspect of humanhood, it can also be the home for intensive and consuming confusion, struggle, misinformation, mystery, and trauma. To confront the latter sexual issues to move into peace and understanding, or to cultivate a healthier relationship with sexuality, sex counselors and sex therapists can be helpful.

Sex therapy is a specialized type of psychotherapy provided by licensed mental health professionals who have advanced training in issues related to sexuality. Sex therapy and sex counseling utilize the same methodologies for intervention as other forms of therapy or counseling, but in a way that is especially suited to sexual issues. Unlike sexual surrogates or sexual body workers, sex therapists help clients heal or handle sexual issues without ever physically touching a client. Like therapists or counselors who work with other mental health issues, sex therapy and counseling are generally talk-based.

Mental health or medical professionals best suited to sex therapy or sex counseling are those who are willing to do the work of examining their own cultural biases regarding sex and sexuality, developing comfort in discussing a wide range of sexual issues, and those who are also willing to train beyond what is offered in classic mental health or medical programs. 

In addition, many sex therapists or sex therapists will practice sex therapy within a certain niche (e.g., in communities of color, LGBTQ communities, trans issues, women’s issues, couple’s therapy, etc.) To prove this basis of quality in work, some sex therapists will choose to pursue certification from the American Association of Sexuality Educators, Counselors, and Therapists (AASECT)—the gold standard for sex therapy certification in the U.S.

For those interested in sex therapy, the following details one pathway a professional can take to become a certified sex therapist, what these high-qualified professionals do, earning potential for sex therapists and counselors, and other helpful resources for those looking to break into sex therapy or sex counseling.

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Meet the Expert, Kristin Mark, PhD

Dr. Kristen Mark is a sex and relationships researcher, educator, and therapist. She is a tenured professor and director of education at the Eli Coleman Institute for Sexual and Gender Health in the Department of Family Medicine and Community Health at the University of Minnesota Medical School. 

Dr. Mark’s research has been published extensively in academic journals, but she also values and prioritizes disseminating science to the public in various ways and applying her work clinically in real time through education and therapy.

CounselingSchools.com: What do you wish the public understood about sex therapists? 

Dr. Mark: That sex therapy is something that is totally normal for people to need to seek out. Unfortunately, we live in a society that discourages talking about sex. We lack robust, inclusive, comprehensive sex education for our kids and teens, and this translates into difficulty communicating about sex or understanding one’s sexual self into adulthood. Sex therapy is helpful in treating any sexual issues that may arise from a number of issues, but it is also useful in finding ways to become a sexually healthy person or to be in a sexually healthy relationship.

CounselingSchools.com: What advice would you give to aspiring sex therapy students? 

Dr. Mark: Two of the most important things for you to do is ensure that you have a good understanding of the science of sex and ensure that you have a high level of comfort with talking about sex. Therapeutic alliance with your clients is one of the best predictors of success in therapy. If you are comfortable talking about these issues and model that for your clients, this is one big step in the right direction. 

Another piece of advice is related to training. Unfortunately, we have some training programs that are not accredited beyond their state, and students will regularly think that they are coming out of a program with an accredited degree (master’s or doctoral level) that isn’t actually accredited. So, do your homework around your training and ask lots of questions! There are great options out there that align with the American Association for Sexuality Educators, Counselors, and Therapists (AASECT) standards, but not all of them offer accredited degrees.

How To Become a Sex Counselor or Certified Sex Therapist

The following guide will provide one pathway that someone could take to become a sex counselor or sex therapist, emphasizing becoming certified by AASECT.

Step 1a: Earn a Bachelor’s Degree in the Humanities (Four Years)

The first step to becoming a sex therapist is to create a foundation of knowledge rooted in the disciplines sex therapists use regularly. Because sex therapy is a profession that requires post-master’s training, there is a wide range of options for bachelor’s degrees that a future sex therapist could pursue. Generally, choosing a bachelor’s degree that focuses on people or services provides an appropriate beginning to the formalized training required to become a sex therapist.

The following is a list of bachelor-level degrees that an aspiring sex therapist could pursue:

  • Psychology
  • Counseling
  • Social Work
  • Sexuality Studies
  • Gender Studies
  • Sociology
  • Asian Studies, African American Studies, Latinx Studies, Native American Studies, etc.
  • LGBTQ Studies, Queer Studies, etc.
  • Nursing
  • Pre-Med
  • Interdisciplinary Studies

Since certification requires a minimum of a master’s degree, those interested in sex therapy can benefit from looking up admissions requirements for different master’s degrees to see which bachelor’s degrees qualify them for acceptance into master’s programs.

Step 1b: Take Human Sexuality Coursework

Regardless of which bachelor’s degree a future sex therapist chooses, taking human sexuality coursework is essential to cultivating the comfort around and knowledge about sexuality required to become an effective counselor or sex therapist. In addition, AASECT certification for sex therapy requires a broad understanding of human sexuality issues, and the earlier one starts, the more prepared one will be when pursuing certification.

Step 2: Earn a Master’s Degree, Preferably with Clinical Requirements and Psychotherapy Training (Two to Three Years)

At the master’s degree level, the choices for discipline narrows. Those interested in becoming AASECT certified sex therapists should choose accredited master’s programs that include clinical hours and training in psychotherapy. Psychotherapy training is not required to practice as a licensed therapist who offers sex therapy services. However, to become an AASECT certified sex therapist, a counseling professional must be able to practice psychotherapy independently in their state of practice.

Disciplines that an aspiring sex therapist could choose for their master’s program include:

  • Psychology
  • Medicine
  • Social Work
  • Counseling
  • Nursing
  • Marriage and Family Therapy (MFT)

Some programs in these disciplines offer a direct step into sex therapy, while others will require students to pursue education beyond the master’s to gain the expertise needed to pursue sex therapy. 

For example, National University offers a master of art in marriage and family therapy with the option to specialize in systemic sex therapy. A program like this is designed to prepare students for a career in MFT focused on easing sexual dysfunction—a direct pathway to sex therapy. This specialization requires five courses in historical and theoretical foundations of systemic sex therapy, and courses on religion, culture, and society as it relates to sexual behaviors.

  • Location: Minneapolis, MN
  • Duration: 33 months
  • Accreditation: Commission on Accreditation for Marriage and Family Therapy (COAMFTE), International Accreditation Commission for Systemic Therapy Education (IACSTE)

If a therapist or allied health professional wants to specialize in sex therapy after earning their master’s degree, a post-graduate certificate, such as the online program offered by the California Institute of Integral Studies (CIIS). This program is one of few accredited by the American Association of Sexuality Educators, Counselors and Therapists (AASECT). This program offers 165 hours (75 in-person or online synchronous and 90 online asynchronous) of continuing education credits (CEUs) for licensed counselors, social workers, and marriage and family therapists in California. Students are accepted in a cohort and must commit to five weekend sessions. Upon completion of this program, graduates from this program are eligible to earn a sex therapy certificate.

  • Location: San Francisco, CA
  • Duration: One semester
  • Accreditation: American Association of Sexuality Educators, Counselors and Therapists (AASECT)

Step 3: Obtain an Associate License from the Local State Board (Timeline Varies)

To practice mental health services in most states before full licensure, recent graduates must obtain an associate license. This license clears the graduate to practice under supervision to gain the required hours to become a licensed mental health professional.

As an example, here are the requirements to apply for an associate license in marriage and family therapy from the Board of Behavioral Sciences in the state of California:

  • Completed application
  • Photograph
  • $150 fee
  • Fingerprints
  • Transcripts & Degree Program Certification
  • Background Statement

Step 4: Practice and Collect Supervision Hours in Sex Therapy, If Possible (Two Years Minimum)

At this step, aspiring sex therapists must begin to accrue the experience needed to earn the mental health licensure to practice independently in their state. The number of supervised hours varies from state to state, so a professional must visit their local board’s website to understand the exact mental health practice licensure requirements.

AASECT certification and education beyond a master’s degree are not necessary in most states to practice as a mental health professional who provides sexuality services. As this is the case, a prospective sex therapist who does not plan to advance their education should seek out supervision opportunities with a mental health professional in their field who provides sexuality counseling, therapy, or services. Mental health professionals seeking AASECT certification (see step 7) should seek clinical supervisors who are already AASECT certified.

Important note: Supervision hours require a mental health associate to pay a licensed mental health professional. Rates for supervision vary but are often the licensed professional’s billable rate.

Step 5: Become a Licensed Mental Health Professional (Timeline Varies)

This step varies widely depending on the discipline a prospective sex therapist chooses for their master’s program and the state in which one practices. Those applying for licensure must do their due diligence in understanding the requirements specific to their state and their discipline.

Common licensures that an aspiring sex therapist may pursue include:

The following is an example of the requirements to become an LMFT through the Board of Behavioral Sciences in California:

  • A master’s degree from a nationally accredited university
  • Registration as an associate marriage and family therapist (AMFT)
  • Fingerprints
  • Criminal background check
  • Passing score on the California law and ethics exam
  • 3,000 supervised hours accumulated over 104 weeks (minimum)
  • Passing score on the LMFT clinical exam
  • Complete initial license request for $200

Step 6: Earn a PhD or Post-Graduate Certificate (One to Six Years, Optional)

Aspiring sex therapists whose master’s program did not provide sexuality training and/or psychotherapy training, or who are looking to specialize or deepen expertise can engage in further formalized training by participating in a PhD program or by enrolling in a post-graduate certificate program. Choosing between a PhD or post-graduate certificate will depend deeply on the aspirations and goals of the aspiring sex therapist.

Because the journey to becoming a sex therapist is not straightforward, having a PhD can increase patient and employer feelings of trust and buy-in. This requires the trade-off of more extended training thresholds, higher tuition, and the need to complete a dissertation and a capstone project. Post-graduate certificates require a less intensive time commitment, a cheaper price tag, and a broader range of disciplines but don’t hold the same cultural gravitas as a PhD.

Here are examples of PhD programs that can move a licensed medical health professional toward a career as an AASECT-certified sex therapist:

The following examples of post-graduate certificates include those specifically designed to push licensed medical health professional toward sex therapy, and those programs that could help aspiring sex-therapists to train with the intention of carving out a therapeutic niche:

Step 7: Apply for AASECT Certification in Sex Therapy (Optional, Timeline Varies)

The following are the requirements for becoming an AASECT-certified sex therapist:

  • Membership in AASECT
  • Adherence to the AASECT code of ethics
  • A master’s degree and two years post-degree clinical experience, or a PhD and one year of experience
  • A valid state license to practice psychotherapy independently in psychology, medicine, social work, counseling, nursing, or marriage and family therapy
  • Ninety clock hours of academic coursework in human sexuality that cover 16 core knowledge areas
  • Sixty clock hours of sex therapy training, 30 of which must be in-person hours
  • Ten clock hours participation in AASECT sponsored or approved sexuality attitude readjustment (SAR) experiences
  • Three-hundred hours of AASECT supervised clinical treatment, 50 of which must be with an AASECT certified supervisor of sex therapy
  • $300 application fee and application requirements (application, official transcripts, copy of mental health license, supervision endorsement, proof of SAR experience, CV)

AASECT certification must be renewed every three years.

What Do Sex Therapists and Sex Counselors Do?

Sex therapists and sex counselors are mental health professionals who treat sexual dysfunction and encourage open, honest conversations around sexuality with clients. While there is an emphasis on sex and sexuality in the practice of a sex therapist or counselor, some duties are the same as counselors in other disciplines. Sex therapists will encourage discussion of emotions and experiences with clients, help clients to process life changes, guide clients through future decision-making, and help clients to develop coping strategies and adaptive behavioral changes.

What differentiates sex therapists and counselors from mental health professionals in other disciplines is that they have undergone advanced training to help those struggling with or exploring sexuality effectively. Toward this end, sex therapists do deep personal work to understand their own values and opinions regarding sexuality, how these values and opinions affect the way they practice, and how these values and opinions set them up to successfully work with certain demographics (or not). In addition, sex therapists often obtain a comprehensive scientific understanding of human physiology and psychology regarding sex and sexuality.

On a day-to-day basis, sex therapists may assist clients with struggles including:

  • Sexual identity
  • Body dysmorphia
  • Overcoming and/or managing the impact of sexual trauma
  • Overcoming the impact of sexual shame
  • The impact of race on the experience of sexuality
  • Differential levels of desire in couples
  • Physiological sexual struggles (erectile dysfunction, delayed ejaculation, orgasm struggles, post-disease sex, etc.)
  • Porn and/or sex addiction
  • Sex and faith

Sex therapists can be self-employed, work in counseling groups, outpatient care centers, hospitals, government agencies, or a combination.

How Much Do Sex Therapists and Sex Counselors Make?

How much a sex therapist or sex counselor makes depends on the discipline they choose to prepare them for sex therapy. An MD whose psychiatry practice is focused on sex therapy will make a great deal more than a licensed mental health counselor providing sexual health services.

Major reporting agencies like the Bureau for Labor Statistics do not provide information on sex therapy salaries, specifically, so this analysis will utilize other mental health professionals as a baseline to understand the potential earning power for sex therapists, as well as the number of these professionals currently employed in the U.S.

All data is from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (May 2023)—the latest figures available as of January 2025.

Marriage and Family TherapistsMental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers
Number of U.S. Jobs63,340114,680
Average annual salary$68,730$63,870
10th percentile$39,090$37,150
25th percentile$45,250$43,750
50th percentile (median)$58,510$55,960
75th percentile$78,440$74,810
90th percentile$104,710$100,090
Mental Health CounselorsPsychologists
Number of U.S. Jobs909,190150,030
Average annual salary$61,790$101,170
10th percentile$36,920$52,430
25th percentile$44,950$68,780
50th percentile (median)$56,470$92,740
75th percentile$74,160$124,960
90th percentile$94,950$151,880
PsychiatristsNurse Practitioners
Number of U.S. Jobs24,830280,140
Average Annual Salary$256,930128,490
10th percentile$73,280$94,530
25th percentile$124,070$106,960
50th percentile (median)Not Available$126,260
75th percentileNot Available$140,610
90th percentileNot Available$168,030

Sex Therapy Professional Associations & Resources

  • American Association of Sexuality Educators, Counselors, and Therapists (AASECT)
  • American Board of Sexology (ABS)
  • International Association for the Study of Sexuality, Culture and Society (IASSCS)
  • Commission on Accreditation for the Marriage and Family Therapy Education (COAMFTE)
  • International Institute for Trauma and Addiction Professionals (IITAP)
  • International Society for Sexual Medicine (ISSM)
  • Sexuality Information and Education Council of the United States (SIECUS)
  • Society for Sex Therapy and Research (SSTAR)
  • Society for the Psychological Study of Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Issues
  • Society for the Advancement of Sexual Health (SASH)
  • Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality (SSSS)
  • World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH)

Please see our Interview with a Certified Sex Therapist to learn more about this growing career.

Becca Brewer, MEd

Becca Brewer, MEd

Writer

Becca Brewer is building a better future on a thriving earth by healing herself into wholeness, divesting from separation, and walking the path of the loving heart. Previously to her journey as an adventurer for a just, meaningful, and regenerative world, Becca was a formally trained sexuality educator with a master of education.

Kimmy Gustafson

Kimmy Gustafson

Writer

At CounselingSchools.com, Kimmy Gustafson’s expertly crafted articles delve into the world of counseling and mental health, providing valuable insights and guidance to readers since 2020. In addition to feature pieces and interviews, she keeps the state licensing tables current. Kimmy has been a freelance writer for more than a decade, writing hundreds of articles on a wide variety of topics such as startups, nonprofits, healthcare, kiteboarding, the outdoors, and higher education. She is passionate about seeing the world and has traveled to over 27 countries. She holds a bachelor’s degree in journalism from the University of Oregon. When not working, she can be found outdoors, parenting, kiteboarding, or cooking.