Online PhD in Social Work Programs
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“I think one of the misconceptions regarding the public about PhD programs is that they don’t understand that PhD programs are research degrees. Our graduates will be prepared to be experts in a certain niche in their specific area of research, but they will not be experts in every aspect of social work.”
Alegnta Felleke, PhD, Assistant Professor of Social Work and the PhD Program Director, Our Lady of the Lake University’s Worden School of Social Service
For people who are interested in helping others, the field of social work offers untold possibilities to do so. Many will be familiar with the social workers employed by state and government agencies, like those who work for child protective services, tasked with evaluating a child’s health and environment. Often, social workers represent a connecting link between agencies and the individuals they serve. Human services departments like those that administer welfare services are frequently heavily staffed with social workers who evaluate needs and help individuals navigate difficult bureaucracies and processes.
Prison and rehab facilities are also major employers of social workers, who provide vital services to individuals in closed programs. These professionals manage just a few tasks when employed by these facilities, including assisting incarcerated individuals with rehabilitation and connecting people with substance abuse issues to vital services. Private employers, such as non-governmental organizations, hospice care providers, and hospitals, also employ social workers to better connect to their constituency or client base.
An education in social work draws on a broad range of academic disciplines. Courses in sociology, psychology, and practical methods are all part of the curriculum in institutions that train the next generation of social workers. While some people have broad interests, many enter this field of study with a firm idea of the kinds of populations they wish to work with. Individuals interested in working with minorities may emphasize courses that reckon with the legacy of racism and enslavement, while those who want to work in the medical field may lean more heavily into courses related to it.
As in most other professions, a PhD is the highest level of qualification that one may attain in social work. While a master’s in social work is the most common qualification employers seek, a PhD can prepare an individual for positions in organizational leadership and academia. Thanks to the rapid growth of distance learning due to the Covid-19 pandemic, the offerings available to those seeking this qualification have expanded tremendously. This guide is oriented towards people interested in completing a PhD in social work through online learning. It features information on available programs, their respective entry requirements, and the curriculum aspiring PhDs should expect from a program.
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Meet the Expert: Alegnta Felleke, PhD
Dr. Alegnta Felleke is an assistant professor of social work and the PhD program director at Our Lady of the Lake University’s Worden School of Social Service. His research focuses on the impact of social policy on poverty, financial capability, and behavioral health, particularly among low-income families.
Dr. Felleke’s work is grounded in frameworks like the capability approach and the public health approach, and he has presented his findings at national conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals. He actively collaborates with local agencies in San Antonio, leading projects like Project LAUNCH and Por Los Niños, funded by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. He has a PhD in social work from the University of Kansas, a master’s of social work from Addis Ababa University, and a bachelor of arts in business management from Jimma University.
CounselingSchools.com: What do you wish the public understood about PhD social work degree programs?
Dr. Felleke: I think one of the misconceptions regarding the public about PhD programs is that they don’t understand that PhD programs are research degrees. Our graduates will be prepared to be experts in a certain niche in their specific area of research, but they will not be experts in every aspect of social work. Say a graduate focuses on mental health. That’s their niche. Throughout their PhD program, they will be trained to conduct research in that area. If you ask them about other research areas, they may be a layman with no more expertise than anyone else.
Our graduates are prepared for teaching or research positions. Their future careers most likely entail being faculty. On the other hand, doctor of social work programs (DSWs) prepare graduates for clinical positions and advanced clinical careers.
CounselingSchools.com: What advice would you give to aspiring PhD in social work students?
Dr. Felleke: There are over 90 PhD programs in social work in the US alone. Not all the programs will be the best fit for you.
One of the first things aspiring students should ask is whether the research emphasized in that specific program aligns with their goals. Not every school will have research or funding in every field or area. Say the focus of a program is on, for example, financial capability, which is to improve the financial capability of low-income families. There may be a lot of funding for that specific area of research. But if you want to research mental health, while you may be able to do it, you won’t have the same kind of support.
Another thing students should consider is whether the program allows students to work full-time or not. Most PhD programs do not allow their doctoral students to work. They can work part-time, up to 20 hours per week, but not full-time.
However, as we know, most minority students cannot afford to work part-time and be full-time PhD students. Programs like ours noticed that problem, and we are a minority-serving institution, so we created our program to ensure that it fits the needs of minority students who need to work full-time to support themselves and their families but still aspire to get their PhD social work.
Typical Admissions Requirements for Online PhD Programs in Social Work
Every institution reserves the right to hold its own program admissions requirements and may choose to go beyond the standard set of qualifications. While those interested in a specific institution should take care to study the requirements set forth for that particular program, a few baseline requirements will likely apply across universities:
- A completed bachelor’s degree in social work or closely related field
- A completed master’s degree in social work (MSW)
- Transcripts showing coursework completed and cumulative grade point average
- Application fee
- Letters of recommendation
- Application letter
For some programs, a job history of at least two years in social work must also be considered for admittance, though many institutions deal with this requirement on a case-by-case basis. For example, the PhD in social work program offered by Arizona State University does not strictly require a specific amount of work experience, but it does factor the amount and quality of work experience of an applicant into its decision process. ASU also requires the completion of an essay on a social program through which it can better evaluate the applicant.
Courses in Online Social Work PhD Programs
While every program will have its own emphases, influenced by the philosophy of the institution as well as the faculty members in its employ, the following courses can be found in the curricula of most schools:
- Qualitative research methods
- Quantitative research methods
- History of social work
- Substance abuse issues
- Working with vulnerable populations
- Legal frameworks and requirements of social work
Practicum and Dissertation Requirements for Online PhD Programs in Social Work
Those who qualify for a PhD program in social work will already have completed the rigorous field requirements that are a part of nearly every bachelor’s and master’s program. However, most programs will require the completion of a certain amount of supervised research hours, which are vital to preparing students for the academic work of studying methods and outcomes in the field.
The biggest task new PhD students will need to surmount is the writing and successful defense of a dissertation, which is the cumulative effort of their time in the program. Dissertations, as opposed to research papers, reach book-length and are sometimes published as such in slightly altered variations. They are completed under the close supervision of an academic advisor, who guides, critiques, and encourages the research and writing process.
In the so-called “defense,” prospective program graduates are asked to present their findings and are expected to explain and defend their findings to a body of PhD holders from their department. Upon successfully defending their work, students are awarded their degrees and officially allowed to add “Dr.” to their names.
Program Accreditation for Online Social Work PhD Programs
The Council on Social Work Education (CSWE) is the only organization that can award accreditation to bachelor’s and master’s programs in social work. However, the CSWE does not accredit PhD programs, mainly because this degree is not tied to any qualifications that allow an individual to work in social work. Instead, PhD programs will be accredited through the same regional bodies that award it to the universities that host the respective programs. In the US, those bodies are the following:
- Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges (SACSCOC)
- Western Association of Schools and Colleges (WASC)
- Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities (NWCCU)
- Higher Learning Commission (HLC)
- Middle States Commission on Higher Education (MSCHE)
- New England Commission of Higher Education (NECHE)
Featured Online PhD in Social Work Programs
Our Lady of the Lake University
Our Lady of the Lake is a private catholic university whose main campus can be found in San Antonio, Texas. OLL also has two satellite campuses, one in Houston and another in South Texas.
The school offers a PhD in social work program that can be completed entirely online, except a single week that students spend in residency at the main campus in San Antonio. The program runs over four years and requires the completion of 54 credit hours. It uses a cohort model, in which PhD aspirants are grouped and encouraged to share their progress.
- Location: San Antonio, Texas
- Duration: Four years
- Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges
Baylor University’s main campus is located in Waco, Texas, not far from Our Lady of the Lake. Baylor offers a fully online PhD program in social work taught synchronously, meaning that students are expected to attend online seminars with the rest of their cohort. Baylor is considered a competitive university and requires a high academic standard from its applicants to the program.
- Location: Waco, Texas
- Duration: Four years
- Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges
Simmons University is a private university founded in 1899 and located in Boston, Massachusetts. Although the coursework for Simmons’ PhD program can be completed online, the institution encourages all PhD students to engage in person on campus, where they may participate in research projects, meet their cohort, or even teach courses themselves.
The curriculum emphasizes research methods and data collection and may be a good fit for those looking for a program that can prepare them for a career in academia.
- Location: Boston, Massachusetts
- Duration: Four years
- Accreditation: New England Commission of Higher Education
The University of Pennsylvania, also known as Penn, is the oldest university in the US and is a private institution. With its main campus in Philadelphia, Penn has recently expanded its online course offerings to include a PhD in social work. The program is taught entirely online, except two five-day residencies, the first of which is completed at the beginning of the program.
A unique selling point of the University of Pennsylvania’s offering is its accelerated pace, in which students complete their PhDs in an average of three years rather than the typical four. This is possible because aspiring PhD holders at Penn complete their dissertations and coursework simultaneously, allowing them to work on both on a parallel track.
- Location: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Duration: Three years
- Accreditation: Middle States Commission on Higher Education
The University of Utah is a public research university with its main campus in Salt Lake City. UU’s online PhD program is administered synchronously, meaning prospective students must ensure that their schedules align with their courses.
The University also uses the cohort model to facilitate engagement between PhD students and faculty, emphasizing learning and research as a group. While the rest of the program is administered through distance learning, students are expected to spend the first week of every semester on the campus in Salt Lake City.
- Location: Salt Lake City, Utah
- Duration: Four years
- Accreditation: Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities
Saybrook University is a small private institution located in Pasadena, California. It emphasizes areas of study such as psychology, sociology, and social work. Its PhD program is fully online and requires no in-person visits to campus to complete successfully. Unique to Saybrook is that new PhD students must choose from three specializations: integrative community studies, integrative gerontology studies, or legal studies. An education from Saybrook may well serve prospective students with a strong interest in one of these fields.
- Location: Pasadena, California
- Duration: 3.5 to four years
- Accreditation: Senior Commission of Western Association of Schools and Colleges
What Can I Do With a PhD in Social Work?
Social work has a job growth rate roughly double the average of all other professions, and individuals who attain the highest qualification in this field through a PhD should have stable employment prospects. Because of the prestige of a PhD, successful graduates may have the pick of the litter when it comes to many of the job openings they find. Below are a few of the positions that they may qualify for:
Institutional or Organizational Leadership
PhDs in social work can often be found at the top of the organizations that work in this field. Many directors of welfare agencies and nonprofit organizations hold this qualification. The deep knowledge imparted to graduates of PhD programs makes them ideally qualified to lead planning efforts or supervise large-scale organizational changes. Executive leadership of a non-governmental organization or government agency is a common career outcome for PhDs in social work.
Academic Research and Instruction
Many individuals pursuing a PhD in social work have significant experience working in the field and choose a PhD as a stepping stone into academia. The combination of real-world experience coupled with a working knowledge of theoretical frameworks that many of these people bring to the field makes them an excellent fit for roles in which they research the outcomes and effects of social work or impart their knowledge and experience on to the next generation of social workers.